Wednesday, May 21, 2008

CRITICAL METHODS

Duckworth/Lewis Method of Re-calculating the Target Score in an Interrupted Match. The Professional Edition of the Duckworth/Lewis shall be used in all matches. If any match is suspended after it has started such that the number of overs available to be faced by either side is reduced from that determined when the match started, the revised target shall be computed using the latest version of CODA as distributed by ICC in accordance with the instructions provided with that software and displayed on the screen.

Where possible, arrangements shall be made for the provision of back-up capability, in case of computer malfunction, for the operation or continued operation of the Professional Edition. In the event of computer non-availability or malfunction where no such provision has been made, the Standard Edition (the method in use prior to October 2003) shall be used.

The regulations given below describe only the operation of the Standard Edition, except that Clauses 4, 6 and 7 are also applicable to the Professional Edition.


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1. Introduction
The D/L method sets revised targets in rain-interrupted limited-overs matches in accordance with the relative run scoring resources which are at the disposal of the two sides.
These are not in direct proportion to the number of overs available to be faced, as with the average run rate method of correction. Instead they depend on how many overs are to go and how many wickets are down when the interruptions
occur.
To calculate the revised targets, you need to know the resources available at the
stage of the match when suspensions and resumption of play occur. All possible
values of resources have been pre-calculated and these are listed in the
accompanying table.
The table covers each individual ball in a game of up to 50-overs per side. The
figures given in the table are percentages of the resources available for a
complete 50-over innings.
For matches with less than 50-overs per innings before they start, the resource
percentages available at the start of an innings will be less than 100%. But the
same table and the same method of calculation are used whatever the number of
overs per innings.

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The single sheet over-by-over version of the table can be used for cases when
play is suspended before the start of a new over.
When Team 2 (the side batting second) have less run scoring resources at their
disposal than had Team 1 (the side batting first), their target is adjusted
downwards using the ratio of the resources available to the two sides.
But when Team 1’s innings has been interrupted, it often happens than Team 2
have more resources at their disposal than had Team 1 and it is now necessary to
adjust Team 2’s target upwards. In this case the adjustment is based on the runs
that would be expected to be scored on average from the extra resources at their
disposal. The number of these extra runs required is calculated by applying the
excess resource percentage to the average total score in a 50-over innings,
referred to here as G50
For matches involving ICC full member nations, including Under-19
international matches, or for matches between teams that play first class cricket,
the value of G50 to be used at present is 235. For lower levels of the game, G50
should be chosen to represent the average score expected from the team batting first in an uninterrupted 50 overs-per-innings match. For teams between
associate ICC member nations, the recommended value of G50 is 190; for
women’s ODIs, the recommended value is 175. For U15 internationals, the
recommended value is 200. For other levels of the game, advice should be sought
from the ICC.
2. Definitions
• The team batting first are referred to as ‘Team 1’ and the team batting second
are referred to as ‘Team 2’.
• In the table decimal fractions of an over are expressed in standard cricket
notation; i.e. 4.3 overs means 4 overs plus 3 balls.
• The terms ‘target’ and ‘revised target’ are reserved exclusively for the
minimum score Team 2 need to win.
• As with an uninterrupted match, if Team 2 make a score which is one run
short of the target, the match is tied.
The following symbols are used throughout:
N is the number of overs per innings for the match as decided at the moment of
delivery of the first ball of the match.
S is Team 1’s total score.
R1 is the resource percentage (relative to a full 50-over innings) available to
Team 1.
R2 is the resource percentage (relative to a full 50-over innings) available to
Team 2.
T is Team 2’s target score.

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3. Calculation of the Percentage Resource Lost by a Suspension in Play
To compensate for any loss of overs due to a suspension in play during either
Team 1’s or Team 2’s innings, it is necessary first to calculate the resource
percentage that has been lost on account of this suspension.
If the suspension occurs between overs, use the sheet of the table which gives the
figures for whole numbers of overs. If it occurs mid-over, use the sheets of the
table which provide the figures for each individual ball.
3.1 For the start of the suspension in play, from the table note the resource percentage
that remained for the appropriate number of overs/ball left and wickets lost.
3.2 For the resumption of play after the suspension, from the table note the resource
percentage now remaining for the revised number of overs/balls left and for the
same number of wickets lost.
3.3 Subtract the resource percentage in 3.2 from that in 3.1 to give the resource
percentage lost.
3.4 If a suspension in play causes the innings to be terminated, the resource
percentage on resumption (3.2) is zero and the percentage lost is the resource
percentage which was remaining when the suspension occurred (3.1).
3.5 If more than one suspension in play occurs, the resource percentages lost are
calculated as described in 3.1 to 3.4 and are accumulated to give updated values
for the total resource percentage lost or resource available for the innings. This is
done after each suspension as described in 5.2 and 5.5.
4. Penalties for Slow Over Rates
No overs penalties are imposed for slow over rates and hence slow over rates
have no effect on revised target calculations.
5. Calculation of Revised Targets
5.1 Note the number of overs per innings decided at the start of the game, N. From
the table note the resource percentage available to Team 1 at the start of their innings. (For N = 50 this is 100%.)
5.2 For all suspensions and any premature termination of Team 1’s innings, calculate
the total resource percentage lost using the procedure described in section 3.
Subtract this from the starting resource percentage (5.1) to give R1, the resource
which was available to Team 1 for their innings. Note Team 1’s total score, S.
5.3 There is no overs penalty for slow over rates by either side.

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5.4 Note the number of overs allocated to Team 2 at the start of their innings and
from the table note the resource percentage for this number of overs remaining
and 0 wicket lost. This is R2, the resource percentage available to Team 2. If R2
differs from R1, which will happen if Team 1’s innings was interrupted and/or
Team 2’s was delayed, a revised target must be set. Calculate this revised target,
T, as described in 5.6 below.
5.5 For each suspension of play during Team 2’s innings or for premature
termination of the match, update the resource percentage available, R2, by
subtracting the resource percentage lost calculated as in section 3. Calculate the
revised target, T, after each suspension as described in 5.6 below. If the match
has to be terminated, the result is decided by comparing Team 2’s score at the
time with the ‘par score’, this being the value as calculated in the formulae for T
in 5.6 below, but without the one run added. If it is greater, Team 2 win. If it is
equal, the match is tied. If it is less, Team 1 win.
5.6 If R2 is less than R1, Team 2’s revised target is obtained by reducing Team 1’s
score S in the ratio of R2 to R1, ignoring any figures after the decimal point, and
adding one run
i.e. T = (S x R2/R1) + 1 (rounded down to a whole number, if necessary).
If R2 is equal to R1, no revision is needed and Team 2’s target is one more run
than Team 1’s score.
i.e. T = S + 1
If R2 is greater than R1, calculate the amount of excess resources, R2 – R1, and
take this percentage of the average 50-over total, G50, to give the extra runs
needed, ignoring any figures after the decimal point.
i.e. T = S + (R2 – R1) x G50/100 + 1 (rounded down to a whole number, if
necessary)
6. Penalty Runs
6.1 During Team 1’s innings
If penalty runs are awarded to the batting side, then their score shall advance
accordingly and be taken into account when performing any future D/L
calculation.
If penalty runs are awarded to the fielding side, then any D/L
calculation in between innings will be performed as normal,
and their innings will commence with the score equivalent to
the number of penalty runs that they have been awarded.
6.2 During Team 2’s innings
If penalty runs are awarded to the batting side, then their score shall advance
accordingly. These penalty runs do not affect any subsequent D/L calculation.

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If penalty runs are awarded to the fielding side, then there will be no recalculation
of any D/L target. Instead, the target score and the entire schedule of par scores will advance by the appropriate number of penalty runs. If a loss of overs occurs
after such a penalty has been awarded, then the D/L target will be calculated
based upon the original score of the side batting first, and this target, and all par
scores, will then be raised by the appropriate number of penalty runs
7. The Result and its Description
When a revised target has been calculated and the match has been played out to
its completion, the result is described exactly as in the case of an uninterrupted
match; if Team 2 achieve their revised target they win by the number of wickets
they have in hand when they reach this score; if they fall short of their revised
target by exactly one run the result is a tie, and if they make a lower score Team 1
win by the margin of runs by which Team 2 fall short of the score needed to
achieve a tie.
When a match has to be abandoned with Team 2’s innings in progress (provided
sufficient overs have been bowled to constitute a viable match), the result is
decided by comparing Team 2’s score with the ‘par score’ as defined in 5.5 and
the winning margin is described in terms of the number of runs by which their
score differs from the ‘par score’, regardless of whether Team 1 or Team 2 are
the victors.
Whenever a completed game has involved the use of the D/L method, the
description should be qualified by appending ‘(D/L method)’.
7.1 Examples of result description:
(i) Team 2 are set a revised target of 186. But they only succeed in making 180
in their allocation of overs. They thus fall 5 runs short of the 185 runs
needed to tie the match and the result is described as ‘Team 1 win by 5 runs
(D/L method)’.
(ii) Team 2 are chasing a target of 201 in a 50-over per innings match and reach
105/4 after 25 overs when rain causes the match to be abandoned. At this
point the ‘par score’ is 100. Team 2 have exceeded this by 5 runs and so the
result is described as ‘Team 2 win by 5 runs (D/L method)’.
Example 1 (Suspension during Team 1’s innings)
In a 50 over-per-innings match, Team 1 reaches 79/3 after 20 overs and then
there is a suspension in play. It is decided that 20 overs of the match should be

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lost, 10 of these by each team. Team 1 resumes to reach a final total of 180 in its
revised allocation of 40 overs.
Number of overs per innings at the start of match, N = 50
Resource percentage available to Team 1 at start of innings = 100% (5.1)
Resource percentage remaining at suspension (30 overs left, 3 wkts lost = 61.6%
(3.1)
Resource percentage remaining at resumption (20 overs left, 3 wkts lost) = 49.1%
(3.2)
Resource percentage lost due to suspension = 61.6 – 49.1 = 12.5% (3.3)
Resource percentage available to Team 1, R1 = 100 – 12.5 = 87.5% (5.2)
Number of overs available to Team 2 at the start of its innings = 40
Resource percentage available (40 overs left, 0 wkt lost), R2 = 89.3% (5.4)
R2 is greater than R1, i.e. Team 2 has more resource available than had Team 1,
so its target should be increased. S = 180
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is
T = S + G50 x (R2 – R1)/100 + 1 = 180 + 235 x (89.3 – 87.5)/100 + 1 = 185
(rounded down).
Example 2 (delay to start of Team 2’s innings)
In an English National League match (45 overs per innings), Team 1 scores 212
in its allocated 45 overs. Rain then causes Team 2’s response to be delayed and it
is decided that it should be shortened to 35 overs.
Number of overs at start of match, N = 45.
Resource percentage available to Team 1 at start of its innings (45 overs left, 0
wkt lost) = 95.0% (5.1).
The innings was not interrupted, so R1 = 95.0%
Number of overs available to Team 2 at start of its innings = 35
Resource percentage available to Team 2 at start of innings (35 overs left, 0 wkt
lost) R2 = 82.7% (5.4)
R2 is less than R1; S = 212
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is

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T = S x R2/R1 + 1 = 212 x 82.7/95.0 + 1 = 185 (rounded down).
Example 3 (suspension during Team 2’s innings)
In an One Day International match (50 overs per innings), Team 1 has scored 250
from its allocation of 50 overs in an uninterrupted innings. Team 2 has received
12 overs and has scored 40/1. Then play is suspended and 10 overs are lost.
Number of overs at start of match, N = 50.
Team 1’s innings was uninterrupted, so its resource percentage available, R1 =
100% (5.1).
Resource percentage available to Team 2 at start of innings = 100% (5.4).
Resource percentage remaining at suspension (38 overs left, 1 wkt lost) = 82.0%
(3.1).
Resource percentage remaining at resumption (28 overs left, 1 wkt lost) = 68.8%
(3.2).
Resource percentage lost due to suspension = 82.0 – 68.8 = 13.2% (3.3).
Resource percentage available to Team 2, R2 = 100 – 13.2 = 86.8% (5.5).
R2 is less than R1; S = 250.
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is
T = S x R2/R1 + 1 = 250 x 86.8/100 + 1 = 218 , and it needs a further 178 runs
from 28 overs.
Example 4 (multiple suspensions and abandonment)
Suppose that in Example 3, play continues for a further 10 overs during which
Team 2 takes its score on to 98/3, whereupon there is another suspension in play
and 2 more overs are lost. A further 8.2 overs are bowled and Team 2 is 154/6
when rain washes out the match.
Team 1’s resource percentage is still R1 = 100%.
Team 2’s resource percentage has been reduced further.
Resource percentage remaining at start of second suspension (18 overs left, 3
wkts lost) = 45.9% (3.1).

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Resource percentage remaining at end of second suspension (16 overs left, 3 wkts
lost) = 42.3% (3.2).
Resource percentage lost due to second suspension = 45.9 – 42.3 = 3.6% (3.3).
Resource percentage available to Team 2, R2 = 86.8 – 3.6 = 83.2% (5.5).
R2 is less than R1; S = 250.
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is T = S x R2/R1 + 1 = 250 x 83.2/100 + 1 = 209 and it needs a further 111 runs
from 16 overs.
When the innings had to be terminated, there were 7.4 overs remaining.
Resource percentage remaining at termination of Team 2’s innings (7.4 overs left,
6 wkts lost) = 19.4%.
This remaining resource is lost by the termination.
Resource percentage available to Team 2, R2 = 83.2 – 19.4 = 63.8% (5.5).
R2 is less than R1; S = 250.
Team 2’s par score (5.5 and 5.6) is S x R2/R1 = 250 x 63.8/100 = 159 (rounded
down); the par score at the instant of abandonment is 159 and with a score of 154
it has lost by 5 runs.
Team 1 wins by 5 runs (D/L method) (7).
Example 5 (suspension and termination of Team 1’s innings mid-over and delay
to Team 2’s innings)
This is taken form an actual ODI: India (Team 1) versus Pakistan (Team 2),
Singapore, April 1996. Team 1 scores 226/8 in 47.1 of a scheduled 50 overs.
Rain then terminates Team 1’s innings and delays that of Team 2, which is given
a reduced allocation of 33 overs.
Number of overs per innings at start of match, N = 50
Team 1’s innings:
Resource percentage at start of innings is 100% (5.1).
Resource percentage remaining at termination (2.5 overs left, 8 wkts lost) = 6.9%
(3.1).
Resource percentage lost due to termination = 6.9% (3.4).
Resource percentage available, R1 = 100 – 8.1 = 93.1% (5.2).

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Team 2’s innings (allocated 33 overs):
Resource percentage available at star to f innings (33 overs left, 0 wkts lost), R2
= 79.8% (5.4).
R2 is less than R1; S = 226.
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is
T = S x R2/R1 + 1 = 226 x 79.8/93.1 + 1 = 194 (rounded down).
Example 6 (as Example 5 but with a further interruption during Team 2’s
innings)
In the match of the previous example, Team 2 has scored 140 for 2 after 25 overs
when a further 5 overs are lost to the weather.
Team 1’s resource percentage is still R1 = 93.1%.
Team 2’s innings:
Resource percentage at start of innings (33 overs left, 0 wkt lost) = 79.8% (5.4).
Resource percentage remaining at suspension (8 overs left, 2 wkts lost) = 25.5%
(3.1).
Resource percentage remaining at resumption (3 overs left, 2 wkts lost) = 10.4 %
(3.2).
Resource percentage lost due to suspension = 25.5 – 10.4 = 15.1% (3.3).
Resource percentage available, R2 = 79.8 – 15.1 = 64.7% (5.2).
R2 is less than R1; S = 226.
Team 2’s revised target (5.6) is
T = S x R2/R1 + 1 = 226 x 64.7/93.1 + 1 = 158 (rounded down) and it needs a
further 18 runs from 3 overs.
The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches – Standard Edition
45
*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.
Table of resource percentages remaining – over by over
Overs left 50 to 0
The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches - Standard Edition

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*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.
Table of resource percentages remaining – ball-by-ball
Overs left 50 to 40
The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches - Standard Edition
*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.

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Table of resource percentages remaining - ball-by-ball
Overs left 40 to 30
The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches - Standard Edition
*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.
Table of resource percentages remaining - ball-by-ball

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Overs left 30 to 20
The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches - Standard Edition
*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.
Table of resource percentages remaining - ball-by-ball
Overs left 20 to 10

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The D/L (Duckworth/Lewis) method of adjusting target scores in interrupted one-day
cricket matches - Standard Edition
*Use only when Professional Edition is not available.
Table of resource percentages remaining - ball-by-ball
Overs left 10 to 0

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APPENDIX G
WCL Div 1 2007 - Procedure for the Bowl Out in the Final
The following procedure will apply should the provision for a bowl out be adopted in
any match.
1. Subject to weather conditions the bowl out will take place on the scheduled day of
the match at a time to be determined by the tournament referee.
2. The bowl out will take place on the pitch allocated for the match (the designated
pitch) unless otherwise determined by the umpires in consultation with the ground
authority and the tournament referee.
3. A full set of stumps, including bails, will be pitched at both ends of the designated
pitch.
4. The bowlers will all bowl from the same end.
5. The tournament referee shall decide which end the bowlers will bowl from.
6. ICC shall ensure there is an adequate supply of dry, used balls.
7. The captains shall toss a coin for the right to decide which team bowls first or
second in the bowl out. The tournament referee will supervise the toss in the
normal manner.
8. The captains shall nominate their five bowlers to each other, the umpires and
referee prior to the toss. In the event of injury during the bowl out, the injured
player may be replaced by another bowler.
9. The wicket keeper will not be permitted to stand up to the stumps.
10. No bowler will be allowed a practice delivery.
11. The umpires will stand in their normal positions and will be responsible for
officially recording the number of ‘hits’ on the wicket. Their decision shall be
final as to the result.
12. The referee will be responsible for making sure only the chosen bowlers actually
bowl, and that no bowler bowls more than once until permitted to do so.
13. The bowls are taken alternately by the teams.
14. The team with the most number of hits after five bowls shall be declared the
winner.

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15. If, after both teams have taken five bowls, both have scored the same number of
hits on the wicket, or have not scored any hits, bowls continue to be taken in the
same order until one team has scored a hit more than the other from the same
number of bowls. That team shall be declared the winner.
16. Each bowl is taken by a different player and all 10 eligible players (the wicket
keeper shall not bowl) must bowl a delivery before any player can take a second
bowl.
17. Only the eligible players and match officials are permitted to remain on the field of play when the bowls are being taken.
18. All players, except the bowler at the time and the wicket keeper, must remain just outside the 30 yard circle at mid-wicket.
19. Unless otherwise stated by the referee and on-field umpires, Law 24 and ICC
standard playing condition 24.1 shall apply. In the case of an infringement the
umpire shall call ‘no ball’ and the delivery shall be considered a miss and will not
be retaken.

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This information in this blog is copied from official website: www.duckworth-lewis.com
Mainak Bhattacharya
EE, 2nd Year, GNIT
http://makdee.co.cc
cthmeifucan@makdee.co.cc


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